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Pedestrians glance at the broken windows of a Jewish-owned shop in Berlin in November 1938
Image: United Archives International/imago imagesImage: United Archives International/imago images

November Pogroms of 1938

On November 9, 1938, Nazis and civilians who supported them destroyed Jewish-owned shops and synagogues in Germany, Austria and the Sudetenland. The pogroms were a new step in systematic efforts to eradicate Jews.

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News

November 9, 2024

Germany commemorates 35 years since fall of Berlin Wall

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Reports & Analysis

projection of the former synagogue in Dortmund

A light in the darkness: Remembering Germany's destroyed synagogues

A light in the darkness: Remembering Germany's destroyed synagogues

To commemorate the pogroms, images of destroyed synagogues were projected onto their original locations in 2023.
HistoryNovember 9, 20247 images
A group of Jewish men marching down a street, the two in the front have a large yellow star tied to them. Men in uniform walk in front of and alongside them

November 9 pogroms showed coming Nazi brutality

November 9 pogroms showed coming Nazi brutality

On the night of November 9, 1938, Nazis and mobs sympathetic to them carried out pogroms against Jews in plain sight.
CultureNovember 9, 2024
Fire engulfs Berlin's Eberswalde Synagogue on November 9, 1938

'Kristallnacht' not strong enough term for anti-Jewish riots

'Kristallnacht' not strong enough term for anti-Jewish riots

In Germany, the term "Kristallnacht" is falling out of favor when referring to the violent events of November 9, 1938.
HistoryNovember 9, 2024
Entrance to the new synagogue, Potsdam

A sign against hatred: Potsdam's new synagogue opens

A sign against hatred: Potsdam's new synagogue opens

More than 80 years after Potsdam's synagogue was destroyed, a new synagogue has opened its doors.
CultureJuly 4, 202401:30 min
Adolf Hitler standing at a podium giving a speech to Nazi members at the Munich beer hall, Nov. 8, 1939.

Germany looks back at Adolf Hitler's coup attempt

Germany looks back at Adolf Hitler's coup attempt

A decade before he rose to power with the Nazis, Hitler's failed "Beer Hall Putsch" put him on the political map.
HistoryApril 1, 2024
Rabbi Zsolt Balla leads prayers as German leaders attend a ceremony at the Beth Zion Synagogue in Berlin commemorating the victims of violence and arson on the night of November 9, 1938

Germany commemorates destruction of synagogues 85 years ago

Germany commemorates destruction of synagogues 85 years ago

In 1938, Jewish synagogues, businesses and homes were systematically attacked and burned.
HistoryNovember 9, 202301:49 min
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In the spotlight

Part of the "Disappearing Wall" made of plexiglass and wooden blocks, with people standing behind them.

A 'disappearing' artwork for Holocaust victims

In Dresden, an art installation recalls the pogrom that began on November 9, 1938.
CultureNovember 9, 2021
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