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韓日挑戰中國

2013年11月29日

中國宣佈劃設「東海防空識別區」後引發一系列事件,繼續受到德語媒體關注。

https://p.dw.com/p/1AQhT
People holding Japanese national flags take part in an anti-China rally in Tokyo in this September 22, 2012 file photo. Picture taken September 22, 2012. To match Special Report CHINA-NAVY/ REUTERS/Toru Hanai/Files (JAPAN - Tags: CIVIL UNREST POLITICS)
圖片來源: Reuters

(德國之聲中文網)繼美國之後,日本和韓國的戰機本周四也雙雙進入中國上周末宣佈的「東海防空識別區」,未受到中方阻攔。中國官方媒體亦出現對此表不滿的聲音。隸屬中共中央喉舌《人民日報》的《環球時報》周五(11月29日)明確要求當局採取強硬立場。《南德意志報》就此寫道:

「美國等其他國家以前就單方面設置過類似的防空識別區。其範圍遠遠超過本國空域,以便使本國武裝力量有時間攔截敵方飛機。中國的防空識別區遭致批評,原因在於,它同日本、韓國以台灣的防空識別區相重疊,而且包括了那個所屬權引起激烈爭議的島嶼群,中國稱之為釣魚島,日本稱為尖閣諸島。此外,北京還宣佈,在外國飛機蔑視中方新規定的情況下,中國武裝力量保留採取『防禦性緊急措施』的權利,—一種軍事幹預威脅。

Description English: A Chinese Su-27 Flanker fighter makes a fly by while the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Marine Gen. Peter Pace, visits with members of the Chinese Air Force at Anshan Airfield, China, March 24, 2007. Date 24 March 2007 Source image Image description on www.defense.gov Author Defense Dept. photo by U.S. Air Force Staff Sgt. D. Myles Cullen Licensing: Public domain This image or file is a work of a U.S. Air Force Airman or employee, taken or made as part of that person's official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image or file is in the public domain.
中國殲11戰機圖片來源: Gemeinfrei

「美國迄今聲明,在中日島嶼爭端中奉行中立原則。不過,美國承認日本對尖閣諸島的管轄權,自1895年佔領該島群以來,日本一直對之實施管轄,此為事實。五角大樓一名發言人通報說,美國國防部長哈格爾在與日本同僚通電話時強調,日美安保條約包括該島群。美國副總統拜登下周將抵北京訪問。中國領導層剛完成了一次重要的全會,此次會議通過了一系列改革,黨首習近平擴大了自己的權力。香港媒體猜測,設置防空識別區可能是習的又一著棋,鞏固自己應對內部對手的力量、擴大對軍方的影響力。」

A helicopter of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force lifts off from the aircraft carrier USS George Washington during Annual Exercise 2013, at sea in this November 27, 2013 handout provided by the U.S. Navy. The USS George Washington took part in a joint military naval drill with Japan on Thursday in waters off southern Japan, just days after it participated in humanitarian relief operations in the Philippines. More than 20 ships and 7000 U.S. personnel participated in this year's Annual Exercise 2013 which aims at strengthening ties between the United States Navy and the Japan Maritime Self Defence force. While the U.S. Navy would not confirm the exact coordinates, they were able to say the event took place, at one point at least, some 300 kilometers (186 miles) south east of Japan's southern most the islands of Okinawa. This is in the general vicinity, though not within, the new airspace defense zone which China newly established last week. Picture taken November 27, 2013. REUTERS/Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Liam Kennedy/U.S. Navy/Handout via Reuters (MID-SEA - Tags: DISASTER MILITARY POLITICS MARITIME) ATTENTION EDITORS - FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
日本海上自衛隊直升機圖片來源: Reuters

一大難題

根據新華社的報導,中國戰機周四在新設的「東海防空識別區」作了例行巡邏飛行。此前,韓日兩國戰機均曾在未事先通知北京的情況下,進入相關空域活動。《法蘭克福匯報》「政治」欄目上的一篇署名文章就此寫道:

「首爾和東京借此明確告知,它們不承認(中國的)這一識別區,以及由此而來的中國的相關主權要求。……日本內閣官房長官菅義偉說,日方『無意』改變其在東中國海上的巡邏飛行路線。擁有地區裝備最精良空軍之一的韓國有關當局指令,在離於島(Ieodo,中國稱蘇岩礁)上空作例行巡邏飛行。該島礁處於韓國的行政管理之下,中國則對之提出主權要求。韓國稱,將考慮把本國的防空識別區擴展至離於島。」

《柏林日報》「政治」欄目上的一篇短評這樣寫道:

「東中國海的天空變得很不平靜。這是一個一再引發不安和爭端的地區。這些不安和爭端因歷史引起,受經濟利益的支配,並受到爭奪強權的影響。上周末,中國宣佈將其東海岸前的一大塊地區作為自己的空域。民用或軍用飛機未來必須標明身份,並將飛行數據直接告知中國武裝力量,否則,(中方)將採取『防禦性緊急措施』。釣魚島位於該地區。日本早在60年代就設置了同類區域,尖閣諸島位於該地區。兩個名字,一個難題。一個可能擴大、甚至演變為一場戰爭的難題。

epa03045006 (FILE) A file picture dated 19 April 2005 shows two Japan Air Self-Defense Force F-15 aircraft during a refueling training exercise held off the Kyushu island coast, in south Japan. Reports state on 29 December 2011 that the United States has confirmed the sale of nearly 23 billion euros of new fighter jets to Saudi Arabia. The US will send 84 Boeing F-15 jets to Saudi Arabia, and upgrade 70 existing Saudi F-15s. EPA/HITOSHI MAESHIRO *** Local Caption *** 00000402956167 +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
日本空軍兩架F—15戰機圖片來源: picture-alliance/dpa

「中國以傲慢姿態出現,蔑視日本,從而蔑視他的軍事盟友美國。於是有了(B—52)轟炸機的出現,有了白宮的強硬表態。來自中國的警告是針對所有太平洋沿岸國家的:中國人越來越自信,這在10月份的亞太峰會上便初見端倪。他們在一個他們不願讓美國獨大的地區提出了強硬的主權要求。」

摘編:凝煉
責編:苗子

[摘編自其它媒體,不代表德國之聲觀點]