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议会

议会是立法机关的一种型态,由人民中选出一定数量的代表者组成以执行立法权;这些代表者称为议员,可以透过直接选举或间接选举产生、也可能是委任的。

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Czech president Milos Zeman (C) delivers a speech on August 7, 2013 in the Czech Parliament in Prague ahead of a confidence vote on the new technocrat government. Appointed by President Milos Zeman on July 10, 2013 the government of leftwing economist Jiri Rusnok replaced a centre-right coalition cabinet that was toppled by a bribery and spy scandal in June. AFP PHOTO / MICHAL CIZEK (Photo credit should read MICHAL CIZEK/AFP/Getty Images)
An Independent Electoral Commission official holds ballot papers at a polling station in Lome on July 25, 2013 during Togo's parliamentary elections delayed by months of protests, with the opposition seeking to weaken the ruling family's decades-long grip on power. The polls mark the latest step in the impoverished country's transition to democracy after Gnassingbe Eyadema's rule from 1967 to his death in 2005, when the military installed his son Faure Gnassingbe as president. Today's elections are the first legislative polls since 2007, when Gnassingbe's party won 50 of 81 seats. Ninety-one seats are decided this time. AFP PHOTO/PIUS UTOMI EKPEI (Photo credit should read PIUS UTOMI EKPEI/AFP/Getty Images)
Sam Rainsy (C), president of the Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) addresses reporters at his party's headquarters in Phnom Penh July 29, 2013. Cambodia's main opposition party CNRP on Monday rejected election results given by the government, which said long-serving Prime Minister Hun Sen's party had won, and called for an inquiry into what it called massive manipulation of electoral rolls. REUTERS/Samrang Pring (CAMBODIA - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS)
REFILE - CORRECTING COUNTRY IDENTIFIER Cambodia's Prime Minister Hun Sen shows his ink-stained finger after casting a vote in the general elections at a polling station in Kandal province July 28, 2013. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (CAMBODIA - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)
epa03797956 A Cambodian man pulls his cart, which is loaded with baskets and other household goods to sell, passing portraits of Cambodian People's Party leaders Chea Sim (L), Prime Minister Hun Sen (2-L), and President of the National Assembly Heng Samrin (3-L), in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 23 July 2013. Cambodia's fifth national assembly elections are scheduled on 28 July. EPA/MAK REMISSA +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
A Togolese soldier casts his ballot during the early voting for the country's parliamentary elections at the RIT camp in Lome July 22, 2013. Candidates representing various political parties in Togo are taking their campaigns from door to door ahead of parliamentary elections planned for July 25. The West African nation is gearing up to hold the twice delayed polls, following an agreement between major opposition coalitions and the ruling party. REUTERS/Noel Kokou Tadegnon / Eingestellt von wa
WASHINGTON, DC - JUNE 12: U.S. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Martin Dempsey testifies during a hearing before the Senate Budget Committee June 12, 2013 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The hearing was to examine on President Obama's FY2014 defense budget request, plus topics of discussion including the impact of sequestration and sexual assaults in the military. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images)
Bildnummer: 60169874 Datum: 20.07.2013 Copyright: imago/AFLO July 20, 2013, Tokyo, Japan - Shinzo Abe, Japan s Prime Minister and president of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, in his shirt sleeves solicits votes for the party s candidate on his final stumping tour at Tokyo s Asakusa district on Saturday, July 20, 2013, as he wraps up official campaigning for Sunday s upper house election. The ruling coalition led by Abe s LDP is likely to win a comfortable majority that will give him a total control of both chambers of Japan s parliament. (Photo AFLO) UUK -mis- PUBLICATIONxINxGERxSUIxAUTxHUNxONLY People Politik Wahl xjh x0x 2013 quer Upper house election politics government elections Tokyo Japan Democratic Party of Japan DPJ Liberal Democratic Party LDP rally campaign 60169874 Date 20 07 2013 Copyright Imago aflo July 20 2013 Tokyo Japan Shinzo ABE Japan S Prime Ministers and President of The ruling Liberal Democratic Party in His Shirt Sleeves Votes for The Party S Candidate ON His Final Tour AT Tokyo S Asakusa District ON Saturday July 20 2013 As he Wraps up Official campaigning for Sunday S Upper House ELECTION The ruling Coalition Led by ABE S LDP IS likely to Win a comfortable Majority Thatcher will Give HIM a total Control of Both Chambers of Japan S Parliament Photo aflo Mis PUBLICATIONxINxGERxSUIxAUTxHUNxONLY Celebrities politics Choice XJH x0x 2013 horizontal Upper House ELECTION POLITICS Government Elections Tokyo Japan Democratic Party of Japan DPJ Liberal Democratic Party LDP Rally Campaign
Das Gebäude des japanischen Parlaments im Regierungsviertel Chiyoda-ku in Tokyo, aufgenommen am 18.09.2011.
Chairman of European People's Party (EPP) group in the European Parliament Joseph Daul reacts at the European Parliament in Strasbourg, eastern France, Tuesday, Dec. 13, 2011 during the debate on the European debt crisis and the EU summit. (Foto:Christian Lutz/AP/dapd)
Auf dem Bild: Fahnen vor dem EU-Parlaments in Straßburg, Frankreich. 16.1.2013. Rechte: Philipp Böll / DW
epa03572779 (L-R) German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Danish Prime Minister Helle Thorning Schmidt, European Council President Herman Van Rompuy and Croatian Prime Minister Zoran Milanovic attend a European Council meeting at the European Council headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, 07 February 2013. EU heads of States gather for a two-day summit starting on 7 February with the main purpose to agree on the next Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF). EPA/THIERRY ROGE pixel
GettyImages 108145898 Armed police guard outside the venue of the current 11th national congress of Vietnam Communist Party (VCP) in Hanoi on January 17, 2011. Vietnam's ruling communists met on January 17 to choose a new batch of leaders who are expected to oversee a drive to modernise the economy while refusing to abandon the country's authoritarian political system. AFP PHOTO / HOANG DINH Nam (Photo credit should read HOANG DINH NAM/AFP/Getty Images)
epa03726122 A handout photograph released by the Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) shows Nawaz Sharif (R), former Prime Minister and head of Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) which emerged victorious in the parliamentary elections on 11 May, shaking hands with Syed Khursheed Shah, senior leader of Pakistan People's Party at the National Assembly (lower house of the parliament) in Islamabad, Pakistan, 01 June 2013. Pakistan's new parliament on 01 June met for its inaugural session where the newly elected Members of National Assembly took oath. Sharif is expected to be elected as prime minister for the third time by the assembly on 05 June. EPA/PAKISTAN MUSLIM LEAGUE NAWAZ / H HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES
FILE - In this Sunday, Dec. 2, 2012 file photo, riot police form a cordon as several thousand supporters of Islamist President Mohammed Morsi surround the Supreme Constitutional Court to prevent the judges from entering and ruling on the legitimacy of the nation's Islamist-dominated constituent assembly. Egypt's highest court ruled on Sunday, June 2, 2013 that the nation's Islamist-dominated legislature and constitutional panel were illegally elected, dealing a serious blow to the legal basis of the Islamists' hold on power. The ruling by the Supreme Constitutional Court says that the legislature's upper house, the only one currently sitting, would not be dissolved until the parliament's lower chamber is elected later this year or early in 2014. The constitutional panel has already been dissolved. (AP Photo/Ahmad Hammad, File)
Police officer Piotr Brykalski from Poland looks at the new HK416 enhanced carbine designed by German firm Heckler and Koch at the 14th Paris Milipol 2005, the worldwide exhibition of internal state security, at Le Bourget , north of Paris, Tuesday Nov. 22, 2005. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)
ARCHIV - Der Präsident des Europäischen Parlaments, Martin Schulz (SPD), unterhält sich am Montag (17.09.2012) in Berlin. Schulz pocht darauf, das mehr als 16 Milliarden Euro große Defizit der EU für 2013 auszugleichen. Foto: Maurizio Gambarini/dpa (zu dpa "Schulz fordert Ausgleich des Milliardendefizits der EU" vom 04.03.2013) +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
A Pakistani election official empties a ballot box at the end of polling in Islamabad on May 11, 2013. Polling stations closed at 6:00 pm (1300 GMT) in Pakistan's historic general elections, which saw a "huge" turnout in the largest province of Punjab, an election commission official announced. AFP PHOTO / AAMIR QURESHI (Photo credit should read AAMIR QURESHI/AFP/Getty Images)
A voter places his thumb impression on a voter list as an election official checks the voter's identification before he casts a vote at a polling station in Rawalpindi May 11, 2013. Pakistanis voted in a landmark test of democracy on Saturday and were quickly reminded of the militant violence that plagues the country, with election-related bombings in several cities. REUTERS/Mian Khursheed (PAKISTAN - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS)
Commuters drive by the electoral billboard of candidates of different political parties as the country prepare for crucial general elections scheduled for 18 February, at Choburji Chowk in Lahore, Pakistan, 12 February 2008.The elections were postponed for five weeks following opposition leader Benazir Bhutto's assassination on 27 December 2007, and although the main political parties have resumed campaigning, the pace is far slower and public enthusiasm has eroded. The main opposition parties have agreed to contest the elections scheduled for February 18, but are already claiming that President Musharraf's caretaker government is working to rig the polls in his favour. EPA/RAHAT DAR +++(c) dpa - Report+++
epa03687846 Malaysians line up at a polling centre to cast their vote in Pekan, eastern state of Pahang, 300km outside Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 05 May 2013. The election commission said 13.3 million people were eligible to vote for 222 parliamentary seats and 505 state assembly seats. EPA/SHAMSHAHRIN SHAMSUDIN +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
Pakistani police officials examine a destroyed office of an election candidate fallowing a bomb attack in the city of Kohat, adjacent to Pakistan's restive tribal areas along the Afghan border on April 28, 2013. Two bomb attacks targeting the offices of election candidates in northwest Pakistan killed at least eight people, officials said, the latest bloodshed ahead of polls next month. AFP PHOTO / BASIT GILANI (Photo credit should read BASIT GILANI/AFP/Getty Images)